Test Preparation on IAS Mock Test 2

The economic cost of food grains procured by the Food Corporation of India (FCI) is a total of Minimum Support Price and bonus (if any) paid to the farmers plus the procurement incidentals and distribution cost. The economic cost has three main components - procurement cost, procurement price, and distribution cost. The procurement incidentals are the initial costs incurred during the procurement of foodgrains. The FCI buys food grains from the farmers at the pre-announced Minimum Support Price. The distribution costs include freight, handling charges, storage charges, losses during transit, and establishment costs.

The Bengal Renaissance refers to a socio-cultural and religious reform movement during the nineteenth and early twentieth century in undivided India's Bengal province, though the impact of it spread in the whole of India. The Bengal Renaissance is said to have begun with Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1775)

INS Satpura, India's second Shivalik class indigenous stealth frigate with a versatile control system with signature management and missile capabilities will soon be commissioned in Mumbai. Conceived and designed by the Indian Naval Team, it is expected to considerably heighten the Indian Navy's strike capabilities.

There has been no uniform measure of poverty in India. The Planning Commission of India has accepted the Tendulkar Committee report which says that 37% of people in India live below the poverty line(BPL). The Arjun Sengupta Report (from National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector), based on data between the period 1993-94 and 2004

The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) was developed in 2010 by Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative and the United Nations Development Programme and uses different factors to determine poverty beyond income-based lists. It replaced the previous Human Poverty Index. The MPI is an index of acute multidimensional poverty. It shows the number of people who are multidimensionally poor (suffering deprivations in 33.33% of weighted indicators) and the number of deprivations with which poor households typically contend. It reflects deprivations in very rudimentary services and core human functioning for people across 104 countries. Although deeply constrained by data limitations, MPI reveals a different pattern of poverty than income poverty, as it illuminates a different set of deprivations.

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income indices to rank countries into four tiers of human development. It was created by economist Mahbub ul Haq, followed by economist Amartya Sen in 1990, and published by the United Nations Development Programme. The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Human Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people-centered policies". To produce the Human Development Reports, Mahbub ul Haq brought together a group of well-known development economists including Paul Streeten, Frances Stewart, Gustav Ranis, Keith Griffin, Sudhir Anand, and Meghnad Desai. But it was Nobel laureate Amartya Sen

The first bank of limited liability managed by Indians was Oudh Commercial Bank founded in 1881. Subsequently, Punjab National Bank was established in 1894. Swadeshi movement, which began in 1906, encouraged the formation of a number of commercial banks. The banking crisis during 1913 -1917 and the failure of 588 banks in various parts of the country during the decade ended in 1949 underlined the need for regulating and controlling commercial banks. The Banking Companies Act was passed in February 1949, which was subsequently amended to read as Banking Regulation Act, 1949. This Act provided the legal framework for the regulation of the banking system in India. The largest bank - Imperial Bank of India - was nationalized in 1955 and renamed as State Bank of India, followed by the formation of its 7 Associate Banks in 1959. With a view to bringing commercial banks into the mainstream of economic development with definite social obligations and objectives, the Government of India issued an ordinance on 19 July 1969 acquiring ownership and control of 14 major banks in the country. Six more commercial banks were nationalized from 15 April 1980.

Self Help Groups (SHGs) The SHG-Bank Linkage Programme was started in the year 1992 as a flagship programme by NABARD and ably supported by RBI through policy support. The programme envisages the organization of the rural poor into Self-Help Groups (SHGs) building their capacities to manage their own finances and then negotiating bank credit on commercial terms. The poor are encouraged to voluntarily come together to save small thrift regularly and extend micro-loans among themselves. Once the group attains the required maturity of handing larger resources, the bank credit follows.

MID-DAY MEAL SCHEME The Mid-day Meal Scheme was launched and implemented by the Ministry of Human Resource Development with a view to enhancing enrolment, retention, and attendance and simultaneously improving nutritional levels among children with effect from 15 August 1995 for the benefit of students in primary schools, initially in 2408 blocks in the country.

Preventive Detention, as the name suggests is done