Class 11 Chemistry NCERT Solutions 2021 For Chapter 9 Hydrogen

 

NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 9 Hydrogen: If you have faced any kind of difficulty in understanding and solving your NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 9 syllabus, NCERT Solutions will provide you with solutions to clarify all the doubts. We are giving you free and resourceful access to NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 9 in the form of a pdf.

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NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 9 Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the most abundant element of this universe. For insightful learning about Hydrogen, the first element in the periodic table, and the lightest element with just one proton and one electron.

These solutions are free and you can either view them online on the website or download the PDF. It has been designed to help the students solve the NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 9 paper with ease.

Along with NCERT solutions in the English medium, you can avail them in Hindi Medium as well. Created by subject matter experts, these NCERT Solutions in Hindi are very helpful to the students of all classes. We are providing NCERT solutions for class 11 chemistry chapter 9 pdf download in Hindi.

You can download CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 9 Hydrogen from below.

NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 9 Hydrogen

 

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What will you learn in CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 9 Hydrogen?

Download NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 9 Hydrogen pdf, it includes all the questions provided in the CBSE textbook that is prescribed for Class 11 in CBSE schools along with extra questions, worksheets, exemplar questions, MCQs, and HOTS (High Order Thinking Skills).

This NCERT solution consists of structured questions along with detailed explanations to help students learn and understand concepts easily. So if you have been looking for the most detailed, accurate, and free solutions for Class 11 chemistry, you have come to the right place.

NCERT Solutions for Chemistry Class 11 Chapter 9 Hydrogen

The NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 9 , which is Hydrogen includes all the questions provided in the NCERT textbook for Class 11 in CBSE schools. It has been formulated to help the students solve the CBSE Class 11 Chemistry paper without any difficulty.

The solutions are free and you can either view them online on the website or download the PDF. With the help of our solution, Students will learn about the Position of hydrogen in the periodic table:

The position of hydrogen in the periodic table is not justified because it resembles both alkali metals as well as halogens. (i) Electronic Configuration: Hydrogen has one electron in its valence shell-like alkali metals.

It is the most abundant element in the universe. It is rarely found in the free state in the earth’s atmosphere. However, in the combined state, it is the third most abundant element on the earth’s surface.

Hydrogen has three isotopes: protium (11H), deuterium (D or21H), and tritium (T or31H). Amongst these three, the only tritium is radioactive. Despite its resemblance both with alkali metals and halogens, it occupies a separate position in the periodic table because of its unique properties.

They also get to learn about the following with our NCERT solutions-

1. Hydrogen-occurrence, Isotopes, Preparation, Properties, and uses
2. Hydrides-ionic covalent and interstitial
3. Physical and Chemical Properties of water
4. Hydrogen peroxide
5. Hydrogen as a fuel

 Subtopics of Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 9 – Hydrogen

1. Position Of Hydrogen In The Periodic Table
2. Dihydrogen, H2
3. Occurrence
4. Isotopes Of Hydrogen
5. Preparation Of Dihydrogen, H2
6. Laboratory Preparation Of Dihydrogen
7. Commercial Production Of Dihydrogen
8. Properties Of Dihydrogen
9. Physical Properties
10. Chemical Properties
11. Uses Of Dihydrogen
12. Hydrides
13. Ionic Or Saline Hydrides
14. Covalent Or Molecular Hydride
15. Metallic Or Non-stoichiometric (Or Interstitial ) Hydrides
16. Water Ex
17. Physical Properties Of Water Ex
18. Structure Of Water
19. Structure Of Ice
20. Chemical Properties Of Water
21. Hard And Soft Water
22. Temporary Hardness
23. Permanent Hardness
24. Hydrogen Peroxide (H202)
25. Preparation
26. Physical Properties
27. Structure
28. Chemical Properties
29. Storage
30. Uses
31. Heavy Water, D20
32. Dihydrogen as a Fuel

Benefits of the NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 9 Hydrogen

With the help of our NCERT Solutions Chemistry Class 11 chapter 9 Hydrogen, students will get accustomed to the properties, reactions use of hydrogen, and other relative factors of hydrogen.

Besides, hydrogen is an important element as it is the most common item that makes up more than 80 percent of the mass of the entire universe. Therefore if you are a student of chemistry, it is important to know all about this element

• Solutions are one of the most convenient ways for students to get all the answers to their doubts.
• These solutions will also come very handy when they are revising their lessons or looking for further scope in this field.
• Students can accelerate their pace and study process.
• The solution given for each topic is easy to understand and memorize.
• Students can refine their methods with NCERT solutions.

Access NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 9

Question 1. Justify the position of hydrogen in the periodic table on the basis of its electronic configuration.

Answer: Hydrogen has been placed at the top of the alkali metal in group, but it is not a member of the group. Its position is not justified properly because of its electronic configuration as (1s¹).

It can be placed with alkali metals because it also has similar configuration (ns¹) as alkali metals.

However, it can also be placed along with halogen in group 17 since just like halogen it can acquire inert gas configuration by accepting one electron.

Question 2. Write the names of isotopes of hydrogen. What is the mass ratio of these isotopes?

Answer:

Question 3. Why does hydrogen occur in a diatomic form rather than in a monoatomic form under normal conditions?

Answer: In diatomic form, the K-shell of hydrogen is complete (1s²) and so it is quite stable.

Question 4. How can the production of dihydrogen obtained from ‘Coal gasification’ be increased?

Answer: The production of dihydrogen in coal gasification can be increased by reacting CO(y) present in syngas with steam in the presence of iron chromate catalysts.

With the removal of C0₂ the reaction shifts in the forward direction and thus, the production of dihydrogen will be increased.

Question 5. Describe the bulk preparation of dihydrogen by electrolytic method. What is the role of an electrolyte in this process?

Answer: In bulk, hydrogen can be produced by electrolysis of acidified water using Pt electrodes.

Electrolyte is added to increase the dissociation of water.

Question 6. Complete the following reactions.

Answer:

Question 7. Discuss the consequences of high enthalpy of H-H bond, in terms of chemical reactivity of dihydrogen.

Answer: This is due to its small atomic size and also small bond length (74 pm) of H-H bond.

Question 8. What do you understand by (i) Electron-deficient (ii) Electron-precise (iii) Electron-rich compounds of hydrogen? Provide justification with suitable examples.

Answer: (i) Electron deficient hydrides: Compounds in which central atom has incomplete octet, are called electron deficient hydrides. For example, BeH₂, BH₃ are electron deficient hydrides.
(ii) Electron precise hydrides: Those compounds in which exact number of electrons are present in central atom or the central atom contains complete octet are called precise hydrides e.g., CH₄, SiH₄, GeH₄ etc. are precise hydrides.
(iii) Electron rich hydrides: Those compounds in which central atom has one or more lone pair of excess electrons are called electron rich hydrides, e.g.,NH₃, H₂O.

Question 9. What characteristics do you expect from an electron-deficient hydride with respect to its structure and chemical reaction?

Answer: It is expected to be a Lewis acid. They are likely to accept electrons to become stable. They can form coordinate bond with electron rich compound.

Question 10. Do you expect the carbon hydride of type C_n H_2n+2 to act as ‘Lewis’ acid or base? Justify your answer.

Answer: Carbon hydrides of the type C_n H_2n+2 are electron precise hydrides. Because they have atom with exact number of electrons to form covalent bonds. Thus, they do not behave as Lewis acid or base. Since they have no tendency to accept or lose electrons.

Question 11. What do you understand by the term ‘non-stoichiometric hydrides’? Do you expect this type of hydrides to be formed by alkali metals? Justify your answer.

Answer: Those hydrides which do not have fix composition are called non-stoichiometric hydrides, and the composition varies with temperature and pressure. This type of hydrides are formed by d and /block elements. They cannot be formed by alkali metals because alkali metal hydrides form ionic hydrides.

Question 12. How do you expect the metallic hydrides to be useful for hydrogen storage? Explain.

Answer: In metallic hydrides, hydrogen is adsorbed as H-atoms. Due to the adsorption of H atoms the metal Lattice expands and become unstable. Thus, when metallic hydride is heated, it decomposes to form hydrogen and finely divided metal. The hydrogen evolved can be used as fuel.

Question 13. How does the atomic hydrogen or oxy-hydrogen torch function for cutting and welding purposes ? Explain.

Answer: When hydrogen is burnt in oxygen the reaction is highly exothermic, it produces very high temperature nearly 4000°C which is used for cutting and welding purposes.

Question 14. Among NH₃ H₂O and HE, which would you expect to have highest magnitude of hydrogen bonding and why?

Answer: HF is expected to have highest magnitude of hydrogen bonding since, ‘F’ is most electronegative. Therefore, HF is the most polar.

Question 15. Saline hydrides are known to react with water violently producing fire. Can C0₂, a well known fire extinguisher, be used in this case? Explain.

Answer: No. Because if saline hydrides react with water the reaction will be highly exothermic thus the hydrogen evolved in this case can catch fire. C0₂ cannot be used as fire extinguisher because C0₂ will get absorbed in alkali metal hydroxides.

Question 16. Arrange the following:
(i) CaH₂, BeH₂ and TiH₂ in order of increasing electrical conductance.
(ii) LiH, NaH and CsH in order of increasing ionic character.
(iii) H-H, D—D and F—F in order of increasing bond dissociation enthalpy.
(iv) NaH, MgH₂ and H₂O in order of increasing reducing property.

Answer: (i) BeH₂< TiH₂ < CaH₂
(ii) LiH < NaH < CsH
(iii) F—F < H—H < D—D
(iv) H₂O < MgH₂ < NaH

Question 17. Compare the structures of H₂O and H₂O₂

Answer: In water, O is sp³ hybridized. Due to stronger lone pair-lone pair repulsions than bond pair-bond pair repulsions, the HOH bond angle decreases from 109.5° to 104.5°. Thus water molecule has a bent structure.

H₂O₂ has a non-planar structure. The O—H bonds are in different planes. Thus, the structure of H₂O₂ is like an open book.

Question 18. What do you understand by the term ‘auto-protolysis’ of water? what is its significance?

Answer: Auto-protolysis means self-ionisation of water. It may be represented as

Due to auto-protolysis water is amphoteric in nature, i.e., it can act as an acid as well as base.

Question 19. Consider the reaction of water with F₂ and suggest, in terms of oxidation and reduction, which species are oxidized/reduced ?

Answer: 2F₂(ag) + 2H₂0(l)—————> O₂(g) + 4H⁺(aq) + 4F(aq)
In this reaction water acts as a reducing agent and itself gets oxidized to O₂ while F₂ acts as an oxidising agent and hence itself reduced to F^– ions.

Question 20. Complete the following chemical reactions.
(i) PbS(s) + H₂O₂ (aq) ————->
(ii) MnO₄^– (aq) + H₂O₂ (aq) ————->
(iii) CaO(s) + H₂O(g) ————->
(iv) AlCl₃(g) + H₂O(l)————->
(v) Ca₃N₂(S) + H₂O(l) ————->
Classify the above into (a) hydrolysis, (b) redox and (c) hydration reactions.

Answer: (i) PbS(s) +4H₂O₂(aq) ————-> PbSO₄(s) + 4H₂O(l)
(ii) 2MnO₄^– (aq) +H₂O₂(aq) + 6H⁺(aq) ————-> 2Mn (aq) + 8H₂O(l) + 5O₂(g)
(iii) CaO(s) + H₂O(g) ————->Ca(OH)₂(aq)
(iv) AlCl₃(aq) + 3H₂O(l) ————-> Al(OH)₃(S) + 3HCl (aq)
(v) Ca₃N₂(s) + H₂O(l) ————->3Ca(OH)₂(aq) + 2NH₃(aq)
(a) Hydrolysis reactions, (iii) (iv) and (v)
(b) Redox reactions (i) and (ii)

Question 21. Describe the structure of common form of ice.

Answer: Ice crystallizes in the normal hexagonal form. However, at very low temperatures it condenses in cubic form. In the normal hexagonal ice each oxygen atom is tetrahedrally surrounded by four other hydrogen atoms.

Question 22. What causes the temporary and permanent hardness of water?

Answer: Temporary hardness of water is due to the presence of bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium in water i.e., Ca(HCO₃)₂ and Mg(HCO₃) in water. Permanent hardness of water is due to the presence of soluble chlorides and sulphate of calcium and magnesium i.e., CaCl₂, CaS0₄, MgCl₂ and MgS0₄.

Question 23. Discuss the principle and method of softening of hard water by synthetic ion-exchange resins.

Answer: Cation exchange resins have large organic molecule with S0₃H group which are insoluble in water. Ion exchange resin (RS0₃H) is changed to RNa on treatment with NaCl. The resin exchange Na+ ions with Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions present in hard water and make it soft.
2RNa(s) + M2+(aq) ——> R₂M(s) + 2Na⁺(aq)
where, M = Mg, Ca.
The resins can be regenerated by adding aqueous NaCl solution.

Question 24. Write chemical reaction to show the amphoteric nature of water.

Answer: Water is amphoteric in nature because it acts as an acid

Question 25. Write chemical reactions to justify that hydrogen peroxide can function as an oxidising as well as reducing agent.

Answer: As an oxidising agent
2Fe²⁺ (aq) + 2H⁺(aq) +H₂O₂(aq) ———–> 2Fe³⁺ (aq) + 2 H₂O(l)
As a reducing agent
I₂(s) + H₂O₂ (aq) + 2OH^– (aq) ———> 2I^– (aq) + 2 H₂O(l) + O₂(g)

Question 26. What is meant by ‘demineralized water’ and how can it be obtained?

Answer:  Demineralized water is free from all soluble mineral salts which is obtained by passing water successively through a cation exchange (in the form of H⁺) and an anion exchange in the form of OH^– resins.

H⁺ exchanges for Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and other cations present in water. This process results in release of proton which makes the water acidic.
OH^– exchanges, for anions like Cl^–, HCO₃^–,SO₄^2-etc.
OH^– ions thus liberated neutralize the H⁺ ions set free in the cation exchange process. H⁺(aq) + OH^–(aq) ——-> H₂O(l)

Question 27. Is demineralized or distilled water useful for drinking purposes? If not, how can it be made useful ?

Answer: No, demineralized water is not fit for drinking purposes. It can be made useful by adding required amount of ions which are useful for our body.

Question 28. Describe the usefulness of water in biosphere and biological systems.

Answer: (i) Major part of all living system is made of water.
(ii) It constitutes about 65 – 70% of body weights of animals and plants.
(iii) Some properties of water like high specific heat, thermal conductivity, surface tension, high polarity allow water to play a major role in biosphere.
(iv) Because of high heat of vaporization it is responsible to regulate temperature of living beings.
(v) It is an excellent fluid for the transportation of minerals and nutrients in plants.
(vi) It is also required for photosynthesis in plants.

Question 29. What properties of water make it useful as a solvent? What types of compound can it (i) dissolve (ii) hydrolyze?

Answer: Water is highly polar in nature that’s why it has high dielectric constant and high dipole moment. Because of these properties, water is a universal solvent.
It can hydrolyze many oxides metallic or non-metallic, hydrides, carbides, nitrides etc.

Question 30. Knowing the properties of H₂O and D₂O, do you think D₂O can be used for drinking purpose.

Answer: No, D₂O is injurious to human beings, plants and animals.

Question 31. What is the difference between the terms ‘hydrolysis’ and ‘hydration’?

Answer: Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which a substance reacts with water under neutral, acidic or alkaline conditions.

Question 32. How can saline hydrides remove traces of water from organic compounds?

Answer: Saline hydrides (i.e., CaH₂ NaH etc.) react with water and form the corresponding metal hydroxide with the liberation of H₂ gas. Thus, these hydrides can be used to remove traces of water from the organic compounds.
NaH(s) + H₂O(l) ———–> NaOH(aq) + H₂(g)
CaH₂(s) + 2H₂O(l) ———> Ca(OH)₂(aq) + H₂(g)

Question 33. What do you expect the nature of hydrides is, if formed by elements of atomic numbers 15,19, 23 and 44 with dihydrogen? Compare their behaviour towards water.

Answer: Atomic No. 15 is of phosphorus. The hydride is PH₃ and its nature is covalent. Atomic No. (Z = 19) is of potassium. The hydride is KH and it is ionic in nature. Atomic No. (Z = 23) is of vanadium. The hydride is VH. It is interstitial or metallic. Atomic No. 44 is of ruthenium, its hydride is interstitial or metallic.

Question 34. Do you expect different products in solution when aluminium (III) chloride and potassium chloride treated separately with (i) normal water (ii) acidified water (iii) alkaline water? Write equation wherever necessary.

Answer:

Question 35. How does H₂O₂ behave as a bleaching agent?

Answer: Bleaching action of H₂O₂ is due to the oxidation of coloring matter by nascent oxygen.
H₂O₂(Z) ———> H₂O(Z) + O(g)

Question 36. What do you understand by the terms:
(i) Hydrogen economy (ii) hydrogenation (iii) syngas (iv) water-gas shift reaction
(v) fuel-cell?
Answer: (i) Hydrogen economy: The basic principle of hydrogen economy is the storage and transportation of energy in the form of liquid or gaseous dihydrogen.
(ii) Hydrogenation: Hydrogenation means addition of hydrogen across double and triple bonds in presence of catalyst to form saturated compounds.

(iii) Syngas: The mixture of CO and H₂ are called synthesis or syngas. It can be produced by the reaction of steam on hydrocarbon or coke at high temperature in the presence of nickel catalyst

(iv) Water-gas shift reaction: The amount of hydrogen in the syngas can be increased by the action of CO of syngas mixture with steam in the presence of iron chromate as catalyst. This is called water-gas shift reaction.

(v) Fuel-Cell: It is a cell which converts chemical energy of fuel directly into electrical energy.

MORE QUESTIONS SOLVED

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 9 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Which isotope of hydrogen is radioactive?

Answer: Tritium.

Question 2. What is the importance of heavy water with regard to nuclear power generation ?

Answer: It is used as a moderator and helps to control the nuclear reaction.

Question 3. What is zeolite?

Answer: It is hydrated sodium aluminium silicate, Na₂Al₂Si₂O₈.xH₂O.

Question 4. What is water gas? How is it prepared?

Answer: Mixture of CO and H₂ in the ratio of 1 : 1 is called water gas.
It is prepared by passing steam over red hot coke.

Question 5. Write two uses of interstitial hydrides.

Answer: (i) In the storage of H₂.
(ii) Catalyst for hydrogenation reaction.

Question 6. Give an example of an ionic hydride and a covalent hydride:

Answer: NaH is an ionic hydride and B₂H₆ is a covalent hydride.

Question 7. Give two advantages of using hydrogen over gasoline as a fuel.

Answer: 

• High heat of combustion
•  It is pollution free.

Question 8. What type of elements form interstitial hydrides?

Answer: d-block and f-block elements.

Question 9. What is perhydro?

Answer:  Perhydrol is the trade name of H₂O₂. It is used as an antiseptic.

Question 10. What is meant by hard water?

Answer: Water which does not produce lathers with soap is known as hard water. Hardness is due to the presence of bicarbonates, sulphate and chlorides of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ .

Question 11. Which gas is evolved when Mg₃N₂ (Magnesium nitride) is treated with H₂O? Give chemical reaction.

Answer:  NH₃ gas is evolved.
Mg₃N₂ + 6H₂O ———–> 3Mg(OH)₂ + 2NH₃

Question 12. Which compounds cause temporary hardness of water?

Answer: Ca(HCO₃)₂ and Mg (HCO₃)₂

Question 13. Which isotope of hydrogen does not have neutron ?

Answer: ¹₁H does not have neutron. It is called protium.

Question 14. Name a substance which can oxidize H₂O₂

Answer: Acidified KMnO₄.

Question 15. Which type of hydrides are generally non-stoichiometric in nature?

Answer: Interstitial hydrides are non-stoichiometric in nature.

Question 16. What is the cause of bleaching action of H₂O₂?

Answer: H₂O₂(l) ———-> H₂O(l) + O(g)
Nascent oxygen produced is responsible for bleaching action.

Question 17. What is the use of hydrogen in the manufacture of Vanaspati Ghee?

Answer: H₂ is used as reducing agent to convert vegetable oil into vegetable ghee.

Question 18. Name the phenomenon of adsorption of hydrogen on metal surface.

Answer: Occlusion.

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 9 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Show how H₂O₂ junctions both as a reducing and as an oxidising agent.

Answer: As oxidising agent.
2I^– + H₂O₂ + 2H⁺ ———> I₂ + 2H₂O
As reducing agent.
H₂O₂ + Ag₂O ———-> 2Ag + H₂O+ O₂

Question 2. What are interstitial hydrides? Give two examples.

Answer: Many transition and inner-transition metals absorb hydrogen into the interstices of their lattices to yield metal like hydrides also called the interstitial hydrides. These hydrides are generally non stoichiometric and their composition vary with temperature and pressure.
For example,T_iH_1.73, CeH_2.7

Question 3. The aqueous solution of H₂O₂ is acidic in nature. Explain with the help of example. Name two substances which catalyze the decomposition reaction of H₂O₂.

Answer: The aqueous solution of H₂O₂ is weakly acidic in nature.

It gives two types of salts with alkalis, peroxides and hydroperoxides.
2Na0H + H₂O₂ ———> Na₂O₂ + 2H₂O
Na0H + H₂O₂ ———–> NaHO₂ + H₂O
MnO₂ and finely divided metals like Pt and Fe catalyze the decomposition of H₂O₂.

Question 4. Complete the following reactions:
(i)SiCl₄ + LiAlH₄ ————->
(ii)Mg₃N₂ + H₂O ————->
(iii)NaH + CO —————–>

Answer: (i) SiCl₄ + LiAlH₄ ———-> SiH₄ + LiCl + AlCl₃
(ii) Mg₃N₂+ 6H₂O ————–>3Mg(OH)₂+ 2NH₃
(iii) NaH + 2CO ————-> HCOONa + C

Question 5. Explain the following:
(i) Temporary hardness can remove by boiling
(ii) Soft water lathers with soap but hard water not.

Answer: (i) On boiling, the bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium decompose to insoluble carbonate which can be removed by filtration.

(ii) Because of the presence of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions in hard water which exchange with Na+ ions of the soap to form corresponding calcium and magnesium salts that form insoluble ppt.

Question 6.(a) How is dihydrogen prepared from water by using a reducing agent?
(b) Give the industrial use of dihydrogen which depends upon heat liberated when it bums.

Answer: (a) Dihydrogen is prepared from water by the action of alkali metals like Na and K which is a strong reducing agent.
2Na + 2H₂O ———-> 2NaOH + H₂
2K + 2H₂O ———> 2KOH + H₂
(b)For welding purposes.
H₂(g) + 1\2 O₂(E) ————> H₂O (g) + heat

Question 7. Water molecule is bent, not linear. Explain?

Answer:  In water molecule, O is SP³ hybridized. Due to stronger lone pair-lone pair repulsion than bond pair-bond pair repulsions, the HOH bond angle decreases from 109.5° to 104.5°. Thus water is bent molecule.

Question 8. Account for the following:
(i) dihydrogen gas is not preferred in balloons.
(ii) Cone. H₂S0₄ cannot be used for drying H₂.

Answer: (i) Dihydrogen is the lightest gas but due to its highly combustible nature it is not preferred in balloons.
(ii) Cone. H₂S0₄ on absorbing H₂O forms moist H₂ produces so much heat that hydrogen catches fires.

Question 9. Calculate the volume strength of a 3% solution of H₂O₂

Answer: 100 ml of H₂O₂ solution contain H₂O₂ = 3g.
.’. 1000 ml of H₂O₂ solution will contain = 3/100x 1000 = 30g

Question 10. Complete the following reactions:

Answer:

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