Various kingdoms and empires, such as the Maurya, Gupta, Chola, and Vijayanagara, had well-organized military forces.
The Mughal Empire, under Babur and his successors, introduced gunpowder-based artillery and firearms to the Indian subcontinent.
The arrival of European powers, primarily the British East India Company, marked a significant shift in Indian military history.
India played a crucial role in both World Wars, contributing manpower and resources to the British war effort.
After gaining independence in 1947, India faced security challenges, leading to the first war with Pakistan over Kashmir in 1947-48.
India and Pakistan have engaged in multiple wars and conflicts since independence, including the wars of 1965, 1971, and the Kargil conflict in 1999.
India conducted its first nuclear test in 1974, establishing itself as a nuclear power. This had implications for its defense posture and strategic considerations.
India has actively pursued the modernization of its armed forces, investing in technology and equipment.
India faces a range of security challenges, including border disputes with China and Pakistan, terrorism, and maritime security concerns.
India has developed strategic partnerships with various countries, including the United States, Russia, and Israel, to enhance its defense capabilities.