WTO And International Trade

Since the publication of the first edition of this book, much activity has gone on holding the Millennium Round of Trade Negotiations. The Fourth Ministerial Meeting on Multilateral Trade Negotiations ultimately took place from 9-14 November 2001 at Doha. There were wide divergences between the developed and developing countries on the agenda and these groups tried to push through their agenda—the developed countries trying to rope in the ‘Singapore issues,’ while the developing countries resisted the same, laying emphasis on the ‘implementation issues’ arising out of the Uruguay Round Agreements. Even amongst the developed countries, there were divergences in approach—the U.S. wanted to include labor standards and retention of the existing IPR regime, while the E.U. vehemently opposed the phasing out of subsidies in agriculture. Ultimately, after fierce discussions, the Ministerial Meeting issued the Doha Declaration containing a compromise on issues widely debated.

2. State Controls of Private International Trade

3. Evolution of GATT

4. GATT Provisions—Its Working

5. GATT 1994—Uruguay Round Protocol to the GATT 1994

6. Agreement Establishing the WTO

7. Agreement on Agriculture

8. Agreement on Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures

9. Agreement on Textiles and Clothing

10. Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade

11. Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs)

12. Articles VI and XVI of GATT 1994

13. Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of GATT 1994

14. Agreement on Preshipment Inspection

15. Agreement on Rules of Origin

16. Agreements on Import Licensing Procedures

17. Agreement on Safeguards

18. General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)

19. Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights

20. Trade Policy Review Mechanism

21. Understanding of Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes

22. Understanding of Interpretation of Article II: 1(b) of GATT 1994

23. Understanding of Interpretation of Article XVII of GATT 1994

24. Understanding on Balance of Payments Provisions of GATT 1994

25. Understanding of Interpretation of Article XXIV of GATT 1994

26. Understanding of Interpretation of Article XXVIII of GATT 1994

27. Understanding of Interpretation of Article XXXV of GATT

28. Decision on Measures in Favour of Least Developed Countries

29. Decision on Notification Procedures

30. WTO and Developing Countries

31. Seattle Ministerial Conference

32. Conclusions

Epilogue

Index