Genetic Engineering and Its Applications

A DNA molecule is like a string of letters, using a four letters alphabet, easily copied when living cells reproduce. The sequences of letters make sentences, which we call genes. One kind of gene gives a cell the necessary auctions for making one of the various kinds of protein, used for structures, enzymes, signals, all the basic mechanisms of life. The other kind sequence is used as a control mechanism so that a cell can tell when to make which proteins and when to do something else.

1. Introduction
2. Gene Organization and Expression
3. Enzymes in Genetic Engineering
4. Gene Cloning Vectors
5. Gene Isolation, Identification and Synthesis
6. Cloning of Specific Gene
7. Specific Gene Transfer
8. Expression of Induced Genes
9. Applications of Genetic Engineering
10. Perspectives